Essential Questions to Ask Before Starting Your Non-Fiction Book - The Writers For Hire

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS TO ASK BEFORE STARTING YOUR NON-FICTION BOOK According to an article published in the New York Times, 81 percent of people say they feel they have a book in them and want to write it. Another statistic floating around the internet is that 97 percent of people who start a book don’t finish it. I can’t find the original source for that statistic, but I wholeheartedly believe it. Why? Because writing a book is hard. People view it as romantic and an epic achievement — and it is. But unless you make some technical decisions before you start, you could find yourself in that elusive 97 percent. Let’s fix that now. We’ll take a look at five areas of your book you should figure out before you write the first word. And then, just for fun, we’ll look at five extra things you can do to ensure your book is as good as it can be. Ready? Let’s make sure you’re in the 3 percent of people who finish the book they start. Who Are Your Readers? Your first step is to determine who your readers are. When people say they think anyone would enjoy their book, that’s an indication that they haven’t sufficiently thought this through. For example, an avid financial writer may believe that his books are for everyone. And although he may write terrific books, people who don’t enjoy reading about finances won’t likely read them. His audience is people who are interested in learning about finance, or if he writes more advanced books, people who are in-the-know and want to stay up-to-date on financial topics. Your first step as an author is to think about who will read your books. If you’re writing it as a marketing tool for your business, your audience is potential clients. If you’re writing a book to establish yourself as an expert in your field, your audience is your peers and those interested in the industry. Who is your audience? Write down your answers now. What Style Will You Use? Your next step in the process is to think about which writing style you will use. You have four basic choices, and each one will define the personality of your book. Take a look at these four styles and think about which one you will use to write your book: Expository: With this style, you will explain something in detail to readers. But you will do it neutrally without inserting any options of your own. An example of expository writing is textbooks and how-to books. Descriptive: Descriptive writing uses adjectives to make the reader feel as though they are â€Å"there.† And descriptive writing isn’t only for fiction. For instance, if you’re writing a book about starting a business, you can use descriptive language to show the reader what a day in the life of an entrepreneur looks like.Narrative: The narrative style is used to tell a story, but it has its place in nonfiction, too. For example, if you write a book to cement your place as an expert, you will likely tell your story and use the narrative style. Even if you write a book that includes historical events, you can use the narrative style to draw the reader in. Persuasive: Authors who use persuasive writing do so to convince the reader of something. They use arguments, justifications, reasons, and aren’t shy about including their opinion in the writing. You can use this type of writing to sell an idea, concept, or even yourself. The style you choose should support the type of book you plan to write. If you want to sell an idea or disrupt an industry, write in a persuasive style. If you want to write a nonfiction book that includes storytelling, a narrative style would be appropriate. And if you just want to concentrate on facts and to teach people how to do something, expository writing should be your choice. And finally, if you want to add some spice to your nonfiction book by using colorful language, use the descriptive style. What’s Your Tone? Now that you know what type of style you’ll use let’s talk about your tone. A tone is an emotion that is put into your writing. It’s how you feel about the subject matter. By using this emotion, you will convey a tone to your readers that sets the mood of the book. But once you decide on a tone, you should carry through the book. Otherwise, it will confuse the reader. If you can think of an emotion, you can create a tone for your book. But tones are generally broken down into the following nine categories: Conversational: This type of writing addresses the reader directly and makes them feel like you’re speaking to them. This article was written in a conversational tone. If you want to engage your readers and elicit trust, using a conversational tone is a great way to do it.Humorous: If you want to add humor to your book, use a humorous tone to convey it. Writers who use humorous tones use lightheartedness and humor to get their points across. Erma Bombeck was the queen of humorous writing.Serious: Some books cover sensitive or important topics and demand that the tone be serious. When you use this tone, you express to the reader that the subject matter is significant.Formal or academic: When one professional writes to another professional, a formal or academic tone is typically used. This conveys respect to the reader. For instance, if you are writing a book about a new finding or idea for your industry, a formal or academic tone might be appropriate.Optimistic or pessimistic: When you’re using a style that includes your opinions or arguments, you can use an optimistic or pessimistic tone to enhance the mood. For example, a child-rearing book may be written in an optimistic tone while a doomsday preparation book would be written in a pessimistic tone. Remember, you use tone to express your opinion about what you’re writing. The words you choose and your writing style will convey this to the reader. Which Point of View Will You Use? You will also need to decide which point of view you will use for your book. Most nonfiction books use one of these four: First person omniscient: If you plan to tell stories in your nonfiction book, using the first person omniscient is a great way to do it. It allows you to show the reader the way with your personal experience. For example, if you’re writing a narrative nonfiction book about your experiences in the industry, you would use sentences such as, â€Å"Although I knew better, I invested most of my first year’s profits into a risky venture. That proved to be my first mistake.†First person plural: If you want to break down the walls between yourself and the reader, using first person plural is a great way to do it. Authors who use this point of view willingly take themselves off the pedestal and get down on the same level as the reader. For instance, if you’ve read Malcolm Gladwell, you’ll notice that he uses â€Å"we† throughout his books. It’s as if you’re traveling alongside him as he makes the discoveries he writes about in his books. Second person singular: With this point of view, the author is also communicating one-on-one with the reader by using the word you. But authors have to be careful here, or they could come across as bossy. For instance, you might say, â€Å"You’re probably wondering why I wrote this book, and that’s a great question. Let me explain.† Readers would feel comfortable with you after reading that sentence and want to know more. But this point of view could also go very wrong. Consider this sentence: â€Å"You need to make sure you never lose money in the stock market again.† Some readers might be put off by the forcefulness and bossiness of this statement. Pulled off right, a second person singular is a great way to connect with your readers. But done wrong and it might offend them.Third person omniscient: If you’re writing in a professional or academic tone, you will probably use the third person omniscient point of view. It convey the utmost profession alism and states the facts from a journalist type of view. For example, the sentence we used above would be written like this: â€Å"People in this position should do all they can to ensure they don’t lose money in the stock market again.† Now that you understand the way you want to come across to your readers let’s take a look at the next step in the process. How Will You Format Your Book? The way you format your book is important because if the content doesn’t make sense to your readers, they will get frustrated and probably quit reading before they get to the end of the book. Book formatting can make or break a book. It’s easy to become so excited about your book that you skip this important step. But that can lead to an unorganized mess that fails to convey your message. That’s why it’s important to decide this step early on in the process. Here are five common ways to format a nonfiction book. Which one is right for your book? The list: If your book material lends itself to being categorized in a list, you should seriously consider this format. Steven R. Covey’s, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is a perfect example of this type of book format. The 3-part book: This type of book format is broken down into three parts — or more. Robert Kiyosakis book, Rich Dad’s Cash Flow Quadrant is a perfect example of this type of format. In this type of book, The first section details the history of the subject, the second presents the new idea or way of thinking, and the third section tells the reader how to apply it to their life.A simple detailed message: If your book has an overarching theme to it, but you want to present it in multiple ways, this format may work for you. In it, you choose the theme and then present it in a new way in every chapter. This type of format is effective when used with a persuasive tone. For example, if you write a book about why veganism is so great, you can i nclude chapters about food, lifestyle, clothing, personal care products, and household cleaners. Each chapter would explore how veganism affects the reader’s life, along with arguments and opinions about how it affects the lives of animals. Ideas upfront exercises in the back: If you’re presenting a new idea, you might choose to format your book this way. With it, you use the front half of the book to detail and explain your idea, and the last half to teach the reader how to apply it to their lives. For example, in the vegan book I just mentioned, you could spend the first half of the book talking about veganism and why it’s so important. Then, in the second half of the book, you could provide recipes, suggestions about where to shop and what to buy.Chapters as themes: If you plan to write a big book, this type of format helps hold the reader’s attention. The big idea is broken down into themes, and each theme is given a chapter. Then there are mini-chapt ers inside each themed chapter. For example, Timothy Ferriss,’ The 4-Hour Workweek does this. He includes four themed chapters and then places mini-chapters in each of those to hammer out his ideas. If you can solidify these things before you begin writing, not only will the process be easier for you, but your book will be better for it. And after you’ve made some decisions, take a look at the five suggestion below that will help make your book as good as it can be. Bonus: 5 Ways to Make Your Nonfiction Book as Good as It Can Be 1. Stories aren’t just for fiction: People connect with stores much more than they do with fact and figures. And the successful nonfiction writers know this and use them in their books. For example, instead of telling your readers about the importance of business insurance, tell them a story about someone who went without it and had to face the consequences. 2. Hook them from the beginning: People have a lot of reading choices these days, and many will read the first page of a book to decide if they want to keep reading. That’s why it’s so important that you catch their attention right away. You can start with a personal story related to the book, ask them a question and tell them that the book contains the answer, or talk about something interesting that no one else is talking about. 3. Good nonfiction makes the reader feel something: Unless you’re writing an academic book, you should use some words that convey emotions. Readers connect with books when the book makes them feel something. And that happens with the words you select. Concentrate on using power words, or words that convey a lot of emotion. But don’t go overboard unless that’s the style you’re after. A well-placed emotion-producing word here and there will have a powerful impact. 4. Simplicity is your friend: Some nonfiction writers go wrong when trying to impress their readers with complex logic and big words. That’s not what readers want. Instead, use simplicity to convey your thoughts, and you will be rewarded with happy readers. Use short, to-the-point sentences that spell out the ideas in easy-to-understand ways. 5. Don’t be predictable: The last thing any reader wants is predictability. Even if your subject is dry, you can spice things up by asking the reader a question, or telling them a little-known fact about the topic. Remember, engaged readers make happy readers. Do you feel better prepared to start your nonfiction book? Take some time to think about each of these areas because they are all equally as important to the success of your book!

Greggs plc Essay Essay Example

Greggs plc Essay Essay Example Greggs plc Essay Paper Greggs plc Essay Paper 1. 0 Executive Summary Greggs plc intend to spread out their operations into international markets in order to fulfill their overruling aim: ‘to be Europe’s No. 1 Bakery’ . Germany has been selected as the host state and justification for this determination has been discussed. : Furthermore. Greggs will come in the German Bakery market through the employment of a ‘Foreign Direct Investment’ method. more specifically a ‘Sales and Production Subsidiary’ . This study outlines the blend of marketing mix constituents used to place the offering ; the execution method adopted to guarantee effectual merchandise and service bringing ; and the control mechanisms utilized to do certain that aims are achieved. 2. 0 Introduction Greggs is the presently the taking UK retail merchant in the bakeshop market holding experienced high degrees of growing in 2002. The company achieved grosss of ?422. 6 million. an addition of 11. 9 % on the old financial. Its operating net income besides witnessed an addition of 11. 8 % to ?35. 3 million in 2002. Their popularity has quickly increased as consumers are seeking quick. convenient and indulgent nutrients to complement their fast-paced life styles. Greggs is actively spread outing their operations and have over 1. 200 retail mercantile establishments under the Greggs and Bakers Oven trade names. They entered into the international sphere in 2003 with the gap of two mercantile establishments in Belgium. This scheme was pursued in order to carry through the company’s long-run aim of going a leader in the European market topographic point. Further international enlargement will therefore fulfill their current aims and heighten their presence in the European bakeshop market. 2. 1 Report Aims To warrant market pick To set about internal and environmental analysis for the place and host state To place the most appropriate foreign entry scheme To orient a services selling mix to demands of the host market To propose methods of execution to let successful market incursion To supervise the advancement of this venture through the employment of control mechanisms 3. 0 Mission statement â€Å"We intend to be Europe’s finest bakery-related retail merchant. accomplishing our ambitious growing marks by achieving world-class criterions in everything we do. Our intent is the growing and development of a thriving concern for the benefit and enjoyment of employees. clients and stockholders likewise. 3. 1 Valuess Greggs is a customer-focused concern. seeking to supply first-class merchandises and services that deliver enjoyment and value-for-money. We are committed to people development. within a considerate civilization that combines liberty and answerability and maintains a strong focal point on profitableness. In all our activities. we aim to accomplish excellence through uninterrupted improvement† . 4. 0 – Market Choice Cannon and Willis propose a method of â€Å"simple riddance † to place a possible host market. This method of market pick ensures that the staying state satisfies all chief standards highlighted by the administration. The diagram below shows a systematic attack to happening a suited market for Gregg’s enlargement. Industrial. economic and cultural factors will be integrated into the choice procedure as these are cardinal to Greggs’ operations in add-on to their chief purpose: ‘To be the no. 1 bakeshop retail merchant in Europe. ’ Parallel to their aims. all non-EU states will be excluded from the choice procedure. Greggs’ 2nd precedence is to enter markets which display fast growing in bakeshop markets. The states with the highest degrees of class growing are shown below: Figure A Country Cakes and Pastries Market – % Category Growth 1995 – 1999 Portugal 4. 60 % Germany 3. 70 % France 3. 60 % Spain 1. 80 % Denmark 1. 80 % Using this tabular array. Greggs may extinguish Denmark and Spain from their market pick choice procedure. Psychological distance between the place and host state can besides find the success of international activities and therefore have been incorporated into the procedure. The Gallic have a broad choice of elaborate. exquisite and epicure dishes. This contradicts the typical merchandise proposition offered by Greggs. Although Greggs could see a focussed distinction scheme aiming niche markets. the copiousness of specialist bakeshop retail merchants would suggestively do the Gallic bakeshop market hard to perforate efficaciously and hence exclude it from farther examination. Lusitanian market tendencies highlight an increasing demand for â€Å"wholesome. household merchandises â€Å" . In contrast to the latter. Greggs offer an ‘on the move’ nutrient proposition which is typically consumed separately instead than in a household environment. Suggestively the Portuguese are loath to encompass new nutrient offerings as research illustrates a strong penchant for traditional culinary art served in traditional eating house scenes. Furthermore the market is dominated by both high street retail merchants such as Podaria Popular and industrial makers therefore connoting high barriers to entry are high. Having adopted this procedure of riddance. Germany appears to be the predominating market pick. Despite the high labor costs. long holiday clip and decelerate economic growing. Germany’s overall economic public presentation is the 3rd largest in Europe and accordingly presents itself as an attractive market pick for Greggs. â€Å"Products with a convenience character are go oning to turn out popular in the German bakeshop market. runing from ready to eat and impulse merchandises to in shop bakeshop merchandises â€Å" . Furthermore. â€Å"across the bakeshop market. international bakeshop fortes such as crescent rolls. ciabattas and baguettes are lifting in popularity. a contemplation of higher consumer demand for more non-traditional or fresh merchandises â€Å" . This market therefore presents itself as an ideal location for Greggs to spread out their international operations. Greggs will prosecute a ‘concentration’ technique with respect to state and client mark group. â€Å"A company may concentrate its attempts by come ining states that are extremely similar in footings of market features and substructure to the domestic market â€Å" . This will enable Greggs to understate hazard and benefit from cultural tantrum. Furthermore. as in the UK they will concentrate attempts on a foc ussed mark audience. 5. 0 – Internal and Environmental Analysis 5. 1 – Internal Analysis 5. 1. 1 Strengths Internal strengths need to be assessed to place assets. capablenesss and nucleus competences that are movable to the host state. Greggs is a good recognized bakeshop retailing trade name in the UK which aims to â€Å"create a individual and cohesive Greggs trade name countrywide â€Å" . This is being executed utilizing a coherent and consistent publicity of the company’s proposition and trade name across the state. Greggs have sustained a strong hard currency flow which allows them to put money in keeping in their retail mercantile establishments. bakeshops and trade name. Key investings include important financess spent on production installations to back up the growing of retail operations. Greggs actively seek to place their shops in outstanding locations relative to distribution channels and client entree. Greggs shops are typically located in busy and to a great extent populated towns where their fast and convenient proposition is ideal. In response to the 6. 4 % addition in demand for takeaway nutrients. Greggs is accommodating their servicescape to provide for these turning demands. 5. 1. 2 Corporate Culture Greggs operates in a hazard taking corporate civilization which allows them to be advanced and antiphonal to market alterations. They believe in supplying high client service taking to retain clients by bring oning trueness and trust. They place great accent on motivation and authorising employees as they believe that continued growing of the concern is a contemplation of the work force. These competences are movable and of equal value to the German market place. Greggs are actively spread outing their operations internationally in order to distribute hazard. increase international trade name consciousness of their merchandise portfolio and exploit fast turning new markets. 5. 1. 3 Value Chain Greggs UK have produced a ‘Value Chain Analysis’ which is â€Å"an analytical tool that describes all activities that make up the economic public presentation and capablenesss of the house. † This can be used by Greggs to exhibit nucleus competencies that can be exploited in the host market. 5. 2 – Environmental Analysis The environmental analysis purposes to place the current state of affairs of the German bakeshop market utilizing relevant tools of analysis and international research methods. A Plague analysis has been used to place influential factors for Greggs in Germany as discussed. 5. 2. 1 International Marketing Research â€Å"Marketing research refers to garnering. analyzing and showing information â€Å" . It is the deficiency of cognition on foreign markets that is one of the major barriers an international selling director must get the better of. It is hence imperative that Greggs formulate an effectual market research scheme as the first measure in get the better ofing this barrier. In this instance. international selling research was carried out for the intent of cut downing possible hazard and supplying us with a concluding systematic and nonsubjective attack for our proposition. Primary research has non been undertaken due to the restrictions of this study. However. if Greggs were to implement this internationalization proposal. primary research would be an imperative tool when sing market pick. These could include qualitative methods such as interviews and observation. Secondary signifiers of research carried out have included Government studies. Internet beginnings and text edition literature. and farther strengthened by journal articles. This assortment of informations aggregation methods helps to supply a rich analysis from legion beginnings as a foundation for decision-making. From this research the undermentioned factors have been taken into consideration when sing Germany. 5. 2. 2 Social A ; Economic Environment Social factors. as outlined in the PEST analysis outline the increasing tendency towards ‘on the go’ ingestion. This reflects the busy life style of the working population in Berlin hence the pick of location. The economic factor of high disposable income besides provides an attractive ground for Germany as consumer disbursement is high. 5. 2. 3 Prospective Country Culture Greggs may utilize the Hofstede theoretical account to â€Å"identify persuasive cardinal differences of national civilizations † and thereby measure their cultural tantrum. â€Å"According to Hofstede. the manner people in different states perceive and interpret their universe varies along four dimensions: power distance. uncertainness turning away. individuality and maleness. † The German civilization is a low context and explicit. possibly of all time more so than the British. Furthermore. â€Å"the German national outlook is of a comparatively high degree of uncertainness turning away. The Germans do non like a sense of insecurity which makes them experience uneasy in concern. ( Germans work with ) difficult facts. and sound statements â€Å" . There are hence little cultural differences that the UK direction squad will hold to see upon come ining the German market. 5. 2. 4 Market Competition Competition in the German market is a cardinal variable of Greggs’ success. Figure B- Competitor Analysis Germany bars and pastries market portion ( % value ) by company Manufacturer 2000 2001 Bahlsen 11. 2 9. 1 Lady Cake-Feine Kuchen 8. 0 6. 9 Dahli Kuchen 7. 4 7. 2 Grossbackerei Wendeln 7. 0 7. 0 Dan Cake 3. 2 3. 4 Kuchenmeister 7. 8 11. 3 ABK 9. 0 8. 6 Private Label 15. 1 16. 5 Other 31. 3 30. 0 Entire 100 100 It is hence of import to place. analyse and proctor competitory motion. Figure B illustrates the possible competition in the German bakeshop market in conformity to market portion 5. 2. 5 Geographic Climate Greggs’ gross revenues are affected merely by climatic extremes – really hot conditions can deject demand for bakeshop merchandises. and drawn-out rain or snow can do people reluctant to travel out and do their usual day-to-day purchases. This form is mirrored in Germany and hence fluctuations in gross revenues must be accounted for. 5. 2. 6 The German Market The usage of the Porters 5 Forces theoretical account has recognized the attraction of the German bakeshop market through the designation of barriers to entry and possible replacements. 6. 0 – International Marketing Aims In visible radiation of the administrations resources and competences. the following aims have been established: 6. 1 Short Term Aims Utilise promotional mechanisms to promote test and to animate client trueness to the trade name By carry throughing this aim. Greggs will be working toward procuring a loyal client base thereby supporting themselves. to a big extent. from rivals. Conduct quarterly pricing reappraisals to guarantee that monetary values remain competitory with challengers By guaranting competitory monetary values. Greggs’ reinforce their committedness to offering ‘value for money’ as highlighted in their mission statement. To guarantee all employees receive high criterions of preparation that is reflected in high quality service to the consumer Greggs corporate scheme highlights the importance of a merriment and supportive working environment. They promote themselves as being a â€Å"great topographic point to work † and promote personal development. This in bend reflects on their high quality service offered to the terminal consumer. 6. 2 Long Term Aims To continually supervise. anticipate and challenge rival motions in the bakeshop market. This will let Greggs to stay advanced and develop new and altered formulas in response to market alterations and consumer demands. To beef up and construct upon our topographic point market to accomplish 4 % place by 2010. This will be achieved through â€Å"core growing and debut of new mercantile establishments â€Å" . It will enable Greggs to be a adept participant in the German Bakery market ( see Figure B ) To broaden the Greggs merchandise portfolio by 5 % twelvemonth on twelvemonth. This will allow Greggs to spread out their operations. in line with their growing ideals. and to boot offer a larger merchandise scope to ever-evolving consumer demands. To establish a farther 6 shops in Germany by 2010 therefore spread outing range and influence. This will ease Greggs strive towards accomplishing their chief purpose: ‘To be Europe’s finest bakery-related retail merchant. ’ Increase consciousness of the Greggs trade name in the German bakeshop market By achieving trade name consciousness. Greggs will able to insulate themselves. to an extent. from the wrath of competition. The German bakeshop market is mostly disconnected therefore doing it an attractive market for possible new entrants. 7. 0 Foreign Market Entry Strategy â€Å"Firms make up ones minding to come in a foreign market face a critical determination in taking the best market entry manner to serve the market. This determination is important because it can hold an on-going impact on a firm’s international concern public presentation. † Root ( 1994 ) suggests three different regulations ‘Naive rules’ . ‘Pragmatic rules’ and ‘Strategy rules’ . However as a consequence of the progressively heterogenous nature of the international market. it is of import that Greggs do non generalize their attack. but adapt each entry manner harmonizing to the host market. The manner selected in Belgium hence. may non be wholly applicable to Germany. Based on this principle. Greggs will be using ‘Strategy rules’ which is when all entry manners are compared and evaluated before a pick is made. Furthermore. harmonizing to Hollensen ( 2001 ) â€Å"some houses have discovered that an ailment judged market entry choice in the initial phases in the houses internationalization can endanger the houses future market entry and enlargement activities â€Å" . hence exemplifying its importance to Greggs plc. Greggs will necessitate to see the chief groups of entry manner influencers prior to pick in order to place the most appropriate and profitable manner. 1 ) Internal Factors Harmonizing to the Company’s Act ( 1985 ) . houses with over ?5. 75 million in turnover and over 250 employee are classified as big. Greggs more than qualifies this with a turnover of ?422. 6 million and employment of 17600 people in 2003. This provides them with an equal resource capableness to open up a gross revenues and production subordinate in Germany. Furthermore. in developing their theory of internationalisation. Johanson and Vahlne 1977 assert that â€Å"uncertainty in international markets is reduced through existent operations in foreign markets ( experiential cognition ) instead than through the acquisition of nonsubjective cognition. † Greggs have already ventured into Antwerp and Leuven in Belgium hence increasing their experiential cognition and expertness. Greggs green goods is fresh and adust goods. In order to keep this stance. the lone executable option would be to bring forth. every bit good as sell in the host state. Additionally. because Greggs will advance themselves as a British company. they will be pass oning a clear derived function and competitory advantage. 2 ) External Factors Both the UK and Germany are members of the European community thereby cut downing their Socio-Cultural distance. This propinquity between states will therefore favour hierarchal manners of entry. Due to the propinquity between states perceived hazard is reduced. Companies are hence less loath to prosecute more affecting manners of entry. It has been stated that â€Å"the size of the host state is an of import attractive force to foreign direct investing † as big and turning markets will do direction more likely to perpetrate resources to the development of a entirely owned subordinate. With a population in surplus of 825 Million people in 2002 Germany is obviously a big and turning market doing it an ideally suited to a FDI manner of entry. Furthermore. the German bakeshop market is extremely disconnected which reduces barriers to entry in the signifier of dominant rivals. All other variables being equal. the higher the strength of competition. the more likely a house is to choose an export manner of entry. The German bars and pastries market is made up of several little participants each of which occupy little proportions of the market place. This presents itself as an ideal proposition to Greggs who will be able to set up themselves without dominant resistance. 3 ) Desired Mode Features The pick of manner of entry will besides depend on the attitudes of the determination shaper. Although it is hard to find how pro-risk or hazard averse Greggs Managing Director Sir Mike Darrington is. one may presume from their hierarchal entryway into Belgium that a high hazard. expansionist scheme has been adopted and will be pursued. The grade of control that direction desire over operations will assist set up which manner of entry to use. Hierarchical manners allow high degrees of control over operations guaranting that the latter are carried out to Greggs specification. All else being equal. the greater the resource investing. the lower the flexibleness of the concern. Consequently. if Greggs pursue a hierarchal manner of entry. they will hold to see their potency limited flexibleness. The above suggests that Greggs’ would profit from a hierarchal manner of entry as it satisfies all standards for the latter. This is where the house wholly owns and controls the foreign entry manner. However. regardless of the evident control over operations specified by this manner. the grade of control that caput office can exercise over the subordinate depends on how many and which value concatenation maps can be transferred to the market. Having reviewed all options. its was decided that a Gross saless and Production subordinate will be introduced in Germany go forthing the Research and Development and Marketing activities to be conducted at place in the UK. Harmonizing to Hollensen ( 2001 ) . holding selected this manner of entry. Greggs will profit from holding full control over the whole operation. Furthermore. Greggs has long term market potency in Germany and hence the ownership of a gross revenues and production subordinate will enable Greggs to construct a strong international presence over a long period of clip. This method besides eliminates the possibility that a national spouse gets a ‘free ride’ and allows Greggs to derive market cognition straight. A gross revenues and production subordinate will ease rapid entry to the German market leting speedy entree to its distribution channels. Plus. no transit costs will be incurred as natural stuffs will be purchased in the host state. In add-on to those proposed by Hollensen. Greggs may profit from being able to accommodate the ingredients used to German gustatory sensations. They can to boot orient the servicescape to German penchants. Greggs green goods is non-durable and therefore it would be inappropriate to demands to be produced and sold rapidly as it is preponderantly sell fresh nutrient. Retaining R A ; D and Marketing operations at place will cut down costs and hazard. Having established themselves in the German market. Greggs may see reassigning these operations over in the hereafter. Furthermore. using a hierarchal manner will enable Greggs to work new market chances every bit shortly as they arrive with minimum hold. In line with the latter. Abell ( 1978 ) construct of a strategic window provinces that there are merely limited periods during which the tantrum between the demands of the market and capablenesss of the house are at an optimum. Investing should hence be timed consequently. Although. this method will necessitate a great trade of investing in footings of clip. money and committedness. research has shown that â€Å"the net income returns generated by foreign direct investing manners are normally greater than those generated by exporting â€Å" . Harmonizing to the Uppsala Internationalisation Model. companies begin their internationalization process a ) by traveling into comparatively close markets foremost so more distant 1s and B ) companies entered new markets through exporting. Although at face value it appears that Greggs’ scheme contradicts the premises of theoretical account. it does nevertheless highlight the undermentioned exclusion: Firms that have larger resources can take larger stairss with fewer effects. Arguably Greggs autumn under this class. This theoretical account besides suggests that houses start by come ining markets which are nearer in footings of psychic distance hence cut downing uncertainness. Germany is considered comparatively near and despite linguistic communication barriers. the German civilization is similar to that of the UK as highlighted in the ‘Environmental Analysis’ subdivision of this study.

Bowen and Ostroffs HRM System Strength Model Essay

Bowen and Ostroffs HRM System Strength Model - Essay Example According to the research findings, nowadays the landscape of the HRM Practices has been changed quite significantly In existing highly competitive and dynamic business environment no business organization can be succeeded without the intensive support of its employees. In this regard, business organizations have started to be more concentrated on the making its Human Resource Management system more effective and strong. For this purpose, different theories and frameworks have been articulated towards making the HRM systems of a business organization more effective strong. The paper explains some crucial aspects of this HRM system strength model. Moreover, the essay also discusses some positive as well as negative aspects of the model so that an effective critical evaluation of the system can be presented in the most effective manner. For the purpose of explaining the disposition of HRM in the existing period of time, there are a number of different theoretical perspective. Among suc h HR related theories, HRM system strength model articulated by Bowen and Ostroff can be considered quite crucial and effective model. This model is based on the attribution theory of Kelley, which states that the degree of distinctiveness, consistency, and consensus are prime factors associated with the situation, which directs people to change their attribute. The Bowen and Ostroff’s HRM system strength model can be considered as an extension of attribute theory. The scholars further classified the attributes, i.e. distinctiveness, consistency, and consensus, as illustrated in the Attribute theory of Kelley.

DQ1charwill and DQ2. DD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DQ1charwill and DQ2. DD - Essay Example When selecting dimensions of job satisfaction, it is essential to be vigilant since it may contribute to either retaining or sending away the employees. An example of a dimension is the satisfaction with the fulfillment of job. This is a sense of accomplishment that the employees seem to have possessed after using their skills maximally and it further motivates them to put more effort (Stewart, 2012). As a result, it contributes to the employees` retention. The writer portrays a good character towards the employees because in his company, individuals get challenged constantly and have the freedom of giving their opinions for the better of the company. An example of a job satisfaction dimension that does not contribute to the retention of employees is `satisfaction with a group.’ Due to the fact that most employees prefer personal work, when placed in to groups, the outcome at many times affects the company negatively because of different personality (Hellriegel, & Slocum, 2011 ). There are other additional several steps or methods that the company may employ to ensure that high-quality employees are retained. Firstly, the company can retain employees of high quality by availing favorable opportunities to them that may help them the earn more (Fannie, 2012). Another step is to appreciate the ethical practices, conducting proper communication with them and adopting an acceptable culture within the organization. In addition, job satisfaction also has other dimensions such as hygiene and motivation that also might help the company to retain the

Chevy vs gt500 article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chevy vs gt500 article - Essay Example Ford was faster on the straight and up the hills but Camaro was faster at corners. Although Ford had won by few seconds, Camaro proved to be a better car because of more efficient brake system. (words: 152) Camaro had magnetorheological shock absorbers that kept the chassis under control and smoothed the rough patches on the street. Ford could not take bumps on the road and experienced vertical motions which adversely impacted driving. Camaro’s brake system was better and stopped instantly. It gave confidence to the drivers of Camaro. On the other hand, after first lap, brake got heated up and do not stop fast enough, which could prove fatal on racetrack. The cooling system in Ford was flawed. The brakes being very crucial aspect of driving, driving Ford made drivers nervous. The basic assumption of the writer is that the car which makes every day driver a pleasure is more of a people car. Moreover major features like brake and good shock absorbers are hugely important elements of good car. Thus, along with speed, torque and traction, the performance of the car also evaluated their brake and efficiency of the shock absorbers to smooth rough patches. Relevant factors in the performance evaluation of the two cars were its speed, traction, torque, brake and smoothing of bumps on the roads. While the two cars competed equally on first three factors, Camaro won hands down on superior brake system and better shock absorbers which made driving a great pleasure. The tone of the article is highly technical. It uses technical vocabulary to define parts and functions that give relevance to the high performance of the car. But while the overall tone might be technical, the article is easy to understand and gives readers of all age, a better perspective of the issues that make driving better. Evans, Scott. 2012 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 vs. 2013 Ford Shelby GT500. Motortrend, 27 June 2012.

Newborn Bloodspot Screening Test

Newborn Bloodspot Screening Test This reflection is on the use of the Newborn Bloodspot Screening Test (NBSST), which is undertaken when the newborn is between five and eight days old. I will discuss how the use of this screening test supports the assessment and well being of the newborn. The model of reflection implemented within my assignment will be the Gibbs reflective cycle (1988). I have selected this model due to the simplicity, as it guides you through the six stages of the reflective process by asking a series of questions, allowing the experience to be transformed into knowledge. Throughout this assignment I will be maintaining confidentiality in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Standards (2004). I will therefore use pseudonyms to ensure the identity of my mentor and clients, remain anonymous. For the purpose of this assignment my mentor will be known as Michelle, the newborn will be known as Theo and his mother as Hannah. Using the Gibbs reflective cycle (1988), the first stage is to describe the event. The event upon which I am reflecting is the NBSST which I performed under the supervision of my mentor Michelle, when Theo was five days old at his home. This was undertaken with the consent of his mother Hannah who was present and observed the test being carried out. The second stage of the Gibbs cycle (1988), is to explore the feelings regarding the event. The view proposed by Bulman (2004, p.141) is that when we least expect it feelings can often affect our learning. Therefore to mention a range of feelings encountered, and the situation in which they occurred, can be useful to the learning experience. I felt in such a privileged position to be undertaking the screening test on Theo as a student midwife under the supervision of my mentor. The NMC Standards (2004), state that, every woman has the right to refuse a student to be involved in their care. Therefore Hannah had the right to refuse consent for me to perform the test, however as I had been involved in her antenatal care and built a rapport with her she was confident for me to proceed. I felt that I had gained both Hannah and Michelles trust this gave me increased confidence in my ability and practice. My mentor held Theo securely in an upright position while I warmed the heel by gently rubbing it, as recommended by Michelle. After washing my hands I cleaned the area on the heel I was going to use to perform the test. Then using the automated lancet I made a small incision in the skin, Theo let out a high pitched cry and Hannah became a little distressed. Following the instructions on the test strip I wiped away the first drop of blood to avoid contamination and subsequently dropped four good samples of blood onto the filter paper of the test strip. As soon as I had finished the test I placed a plaster on the heel and gave Theo immediately to Hannah for a comfort feed. I then filled out the information that was required on the test strip and documented the procedure in the maternity record and the Baby notes. I then notified Hannah she would receive the results in approximately six weeks time and this would be by her health visitor or general practitioner, if there was any cause fo r concern she would be notified sooner rather than later. The testing strip was then posted the same day as per the instructions. Although the procedure went well I did however feel slightly anxious when performing the test, as I was concerned about the number of times I would need to puncture the skin and how distressed Theo would become throughout the procedure. I felt comfortable after successfully obtaining enough blood samples for the test using the technique my mentor had provided me with and relieved that I had caused minimal distress to Theo and reassured as he was easily comforted following the distress of the test. Evaluation is the next stage in the Gibbs (1988), reflective cycle. As suggested by Taylor (2006) evaluation is the element of the process in which the situation is reviewed in light of all the feelings gained. Upon evaluating the experience I believe I had successfully performed the technique, and in doing so had enabled me to collect satisfactory samples for the test. I had excellent communication with Hannah and the continuity of care from the antenatal to postnatal period had enabled her to trust me and my confidence had grown immensely. I had been out on community placement, before so my knowledge base had increased so I was therefore able to use this and the skills I had learnt from my mentor to inform my practice. The negative aspect of the experience was the concern for Theo regarding the pain he would feel when attempting the test, and the high pitched cry that he released upon puncturing the skin was quite distressing for me and his mother Hannah. Following the evaluation of the experience, the Gibbss reflective cycle (1988), states that analysis of the situation is undertaken exploring the experience in greater detail. The NBSST is undertaken on a national scale, the UK Newborn Screening Committee (NSC) (2005), test the samples for metabolic disorders which can be treated, such as Phenylketonuria, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Sickle Cell Disorders, Cystic Fibrosis and Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency. The disorders screened for are subject to regional variations, however in my local placement area, all of these conditions are currently tested for as recommended by the NSC (2005). The purpose for conducting this screening test, is to detect the disorder at a stage early enough to introduce effective treatment to prevent the disease or condition from affecting the newborns development (Johnston, Flood Spinks 2003). The NBSST is not a compulsory test, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2006), state that for the well being of the newborn, the test must be offered to all parents when their newborn is five to eight days old. They also suggest that the parents should be encouraged to be present when the test is undertaken. This was performed on Theo the fifth day after delivery and Hannah was present for the procedure. The UK Newborn Screening Programme Centre (UKNSPC) Guidelines for Newborn Blood Spot Sampling (2008) (Appendix 3), state that women should be provided with the relevant screening leaflet in the third trimester and no later than 24 hours prior to conducting the test. This has been developed to enable parents to make informed decisions about the screening and well being of their newborn. However a study undertaken by Cavanagh, Coppinger Franck (2005), found that all midwives involved in the study gave information to parents prior to the test, although there were large variations in the timing and frequency in both the antenatal and postnatal period. The UKNSPC (2008) also state that the test should ideally be performed on day five and verbal consent from the parents is required and must be documented in the maternity record and the baby notes. The NMC (2004) also states that midwives must provide the woman and her family with the information to allow them to make informed choices about the care of their newborn in a form that they can understand, and maintain accurate record keeping. McCullough Chervenak (2008), state that informed consent requires the physician to firstly disclose information to the client and must then obtain the clients acceptance or refusal. They must disclose material information, this being what the client needs to know regarding the procedure and what a person of average sophistication should not be expected to know (McCullough Chervenak 2008). This was carried out with Hannah on the visit prior to performing the test, I had asked Hannah to read the leaflet she had been given on discharge from the hospital prior to giving her permission for the test. On the day of the test before I proceeded on Theo I asked Hannah if she had read and understood the leaflet and if she had any questions, she confirmed this and had no questions, Hannah then gave verbal consent for me to continue. Upon completion of the procedure I fully documented the information in Hannahs maternity record and Theos baby notes. Cavanagh, Coppinger Franck (2005), stated in their study that prior to performing the test, the warming of the newborns foot was undertaken in most instances. However Janes et al. (2002), found in a controlled trial that there showed no differences in the time taken to collect blood, the number of repeat procedures required or the behavioural responses of the newborn, between warmed or un-warmed heels. The study performed by Cavanagh, Coppinger Franck (2005), showed that the positioning of the newborn for the test also varied, despite strong evidence to suggest that the newborn should be in a secure position and cuddled when undertaking the test. The UKNSPC (2008) state in their multi professional guideline an automated lancet should be used on the heel and that the heel should be warm and in most cases additional pre-warming should not be required. They also state that the newborn should be cuddled in a secure position for the taking of the sample. Upon performing the test on Theo I rubbed the heel to warm it as recommended by my mentor and Theo was held by my mentor whilst the test was carried out. The NMC (2004), state that other health professionals should be involved in the care of the woman or baby, when a situation deviates from the midwives normal responsibilities. I therefore advised Hannah that she would be notified of the results in approximately six weeks time by her health visitor, and if there were any concerns then both the health visitor and General Practitioner would be notified and she would be informed as soon as possible. Shepherd, Glenesk, Niven Mackenzie (2005) suggests that the procedure of the screening test is easy to complete however the pain experienced by the newborn and the anxiety of the parents is of concern. When performing the test on Theo I was successful in obtaining a satisfactory sample with only one incision however it was evident that this had caused pain due to the immediate cry upon commencement. In conclusion the neonatal screening test is an important element of the care and well being of the newborn, if these conditions are identified, early treatment can improve health and prevent severe disability or even death (NSC 2005). The new guidelines published by the UKNSPC (2008) reflect the findings from studies I have researched and are based on the recommendations concluding the studies. My action plan for the future is use to evidence based practice when performing the NBSST taking into account the factors highlighted in this assignment with regards to warming of the heel and positioning of the newborn. I am confident in my skills with regards to the incision using the lancet and my communication with the parents.

Reaction in Milton’s Paradise Lost and Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Reaction in Milton’s Paradise Lost and Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth It goes without saying that we all react to the experiences that we have. What differs from person to person is how those experiences affect our being and what each of us takes from those experiences and how we apply it to our lives from that point on. We see this happening not only in our own lives, but also in literature. The characters from Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth and those from Milton’s Paradise Lost show, through their conflicts, that the experiences that they are exposed to affect their lives in a negative way. In all three of these pieces of literature, the reactions the characters have to their experiences are what bring about their ultimate demise. Unfortunately, these characters don’t realize the error of their actions until it’s too late, but we, as the audience, can learn from the mistakes we see the characters make in Hamlet, Macbeth and Paradise Lost. Hamlet was forced to endure many painful experiences, and the ways in which he chose to react to those experiences are what largely contributed to the tragedy. In his essay dealing with Hamlet and the loss of innocence, Godshalk claims that â€Å"the prince...begins the play dreaming of innocence and personal integrity, and in the course of action, this innocence and integrity are severely compromised.† (221) This is indeed true, as the experiences that Hamlet is forced to endure whittle away at his innocence, and as he reacts to these experiences, he is driven by his reactions to act in a way where he must abandon his integrity. The death of King Hamlet took a toll on Young Hamlet, inducing grief and sorrow to the mourning son. In fact, it seemed that just two months after the King’s death, Hamlet was the only one left feeling any kind of sorrow. The experience of losing a loved one, especially his father, was too much for Hamlet and he was too grief stricken in th e eyes of some, Claudius especially. Claudius inquired of Hamlet, â€Å"How is it that the clouds still hang on you?† (1.2.66) Claudius seems to think that Hamlet has little reason to still be grieving over the death of his father. Claudius continues: ‘Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet, To give these mourning duties to your father: